System for operating industrial gas turbine apparatus and gas turbine electric power plants preferably with a digital computer control system

ABSTRACT

A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a rotating brushless exciter generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. One or more of the turbine-generator plants are operated by a hybrid digital computer control system during sequenced startup, synchronizing, load, and shutdown operations. The program system for the computer and external analog circuitry operate in a multiple gas turbine control loop arrangement. Logic macro instructions are employed in programming the computer for logic operations of the control system.

United States Patent [1 1 Reed et al.

1 1 Aug. 5, 1975 SYSTEM FOR OPERATING INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE APPARATUSAND GAS TURBINE ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS PREFERABLY WITH A DIGITAL COMPUTERCONTROL SYSTEM [75] Inventors: Terry J. Reed, Latrobe, Gerald L.

Rankin, Irwin, both of Pa.

[73] Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

[22] Filed: Oct. 20, I970 21 Appl. No.: 82,467

[52] US. Cl 235/l5l.2l; 444/1 [51} Int. Cl. G06b 15/56 [58] Field ofSearch 235/151, 150.21, 151.21; 60/3913, 3924, 39.28, 39.34, 39.36,39.42, 39.44, 39.75, 39.81, 108 R, 108 S; 444/1, 936.5, 936.51, 936.52,936.59, 933.1, 933.5, 962.71, 949, 951.16

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,174,284 3/1965 McCarthy235/1502] X 3,520,133 7/1970 Loft et al. (JO/39.28 R X 3,630,022 12/1971Juhb 60/108 R X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Bayati et al., Digitec Digital GasTurbine Engine Control)," ASME, March, 1968.

Eccles, The Use of a Digital Computer for On-Line Control of a JetEngine, Journal of the Royal Aero- FLAME COMBU STOR PRESSURE SENSORBLADE PATH T SENSORS VIBRATION EXHAUST T RAT XIL BUS] VMW CONSOLE DISCCAVITY T REMOTE PANEL I EXCII ER GENERATOR KW,VARS, V SENSORS AIR TSENSORS C ONTAC TS BUS VOLT SENSOR LINE T CONTACTS WITCHG EA CONMISCELLANE CLOSURE INPUT FROM PLANT B FROM PLANT B nautical Society,April, 1967.

Sadlcr et al., The Electronic Control of Gas Turbine Engines Journal ofthe Royal Aeronautical Soceity, July, 1965.

Jonas, A Computer Model to Determine Economic PerformanceCharacteristics of Interconnected Generating Stations," 1966, BritishJoint Computer Conference, pp. llll 19, L7l40, lO93-IO83.

Bayati et al., Digitec(Digital Gas Turbine Engine Control" ASME Paper,March, 1968.

Eccles, The Use of a Digital Computer for On-Line Control of a JetEngine" Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, April, 1967.

Sadler et al., The Electronic Control of Gas Turbine Engines" Journal ofthe Royal Aeronautical Society, July, 1965.

Primary E.\'tmiinerJoseph F. Ruggiero Attorney, Agent. or Firm-S. A.Seinberg 8 Claims, 82 Drawing Figures LIMITER SPEED CONTROL E OUTPUT SYSTEM CENTRAL SOI LINE 439 INTER SYSTEM BREAKER PRINTER RHE POWER FORCONTROL 8 R oewces mar 05v MOTOR m 3 0% mmw HEET 0mm wvm mvm PATENTEBM112 5 m5 SHEET PATENTED 51975 awg/ PATENTEDAUG 5197s 3.898.439

SHEET 7 FUEL cows. vs POWER FIG. HC

II L

1&1 IOO E.

2 D a? Ell :5 80.. '5 "F vs POWER 2% A ymu] 0 $3 40 K V/ EE qvg 2 o U 020 40 so so lOO uo I20 PERCENT POWER OUTPUT FLOW- '1.

FIG. HD A io t 00 C 9 o=|o3.1 LOAD 0P E =|o1.o A 0 F= no.3 8

I G "3.5 ,2 H= H6. 1 C a D E g F a L 2 700 m bg 600 AMEIENT- "F i A I 5,B I00" w c 80 2 500 D 60 3% E 3 F= 20 (5 0 0 2'0 4'0 6'0 10b 12b n40PERCENT RATED POWER PATENTEUAUB 51975 FIG. us

FIG. NF

(OVEREXC'TED) GENERATOR CAPABILITY(MW AT. 0.85 PF) (UNDEREXCITED) SHEET9 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AMBIENT TEMPERATURES |.o PF

MEGAWATTS PATENIEUAUG suns E 1 3.898.439 I 111 2 6 compncsson INLETcompnssson INLET I I I I l I I I I I O I0 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80.90 L0 COMBUSTOR SHELL PRESSURE-RU.H6O PSIG=IP.U.)

PATENTEU M18 5|975 SH TEIIERATIRE REFERENCE-RU.(IRU.=I500F) in in 5 o .l.2 couaus'roa SHEL FIG. l6

EET 15 a L PRESSURE mt a .8 Immanuel SYSTEM RESERVE BASE M M 6 0 3 u. m5 IWP L m OR law 8 m o 5 C .m r 5 n B u A D U 0 N 7 F. o E. w .M. A 6 5P FIG. I?

Di l m bqmwaimh CCI'S J ANALOGS READ ONEY RE AD ONLY TURE C RESIDENTTABLE TABLE TURB D RESlDENl' READ ONLY READ ONLY FIG; 32

PATENTEU AUG 51975 SHEET FIG. l8

Fuel S I tor Poet' Local-Remote Position cc Alum Syswm Turbine Trip:Reset Turbl Auliliaries Reset Ready to Start Run Sequence Speed lgnltionStart (Ell (Min, Base. Peakl as l 01o -ao Sec. Lube Ck.

Lubricating Pump DC Aux. On Function Lube Press. (Turning Gear) :1 40Sec. Turn Gr. Clt,

Lube Press. (Run) 'i-% 63-1 Turning Gear On H2 Starting Device On 5 2Min. (Adi) 5 RIP-M. Check 48-1 Turning Gear Oil 0-13 065 C48 C 6O I '6ignition Speed 63 Reset Overspeed 30 Sec Trip Valve (20-2Al Check 48-2Over Speed Presee l l n l a F no 0 av sax Isolation Valve Open 30Cooling Air Comp. On I j Flame Check lflnmml Flame Detection 1 AtomizingAir On 6 5| 7 comb j Ignition Trans, OI! Flame Check f Atomixing Air Ofl2?. Mini Check 48-3 Stop Starting Device Close Bleed Valve 2010-1 CloseBleed Valve 2010-2 D.Cv Lube Pump Olf Idle Speed Gen. Breaker ClosedLoad Sequence Shutdown D.C. Lube Pump 0n Turning Gear On Cool Down 0.0Aux Pump 0t! Auliliery Speed Channel (55%| Analog Spend (CCWI. CC'fiZl 4Analog Comhuster Shall (CCU) 2 Min lAdi.)

n Check 4B4 o-ao Analog Speed CCO| Min Base (Temp 1 Peak Tramp. Sy: Hrs(Temp Shutdown On Turning Gear Down to F 8| Up to 60 hours LEE FinelShutdown urning Gear Oil

1. A gas turbine electric power plant comprising a gas turbine havingcompressor, combustion and turbine elements, a generator coupled to saidgas turbine for drive power, a fuel system for supplying fuel to saidgas turbine combustion element, means for operating said fuel system toenergize said turbine, a digital computer and an input/output systemtherefor, means for operating said computer to determine a fuel demandrepresentation for desired turbine operation, means for controlling saidfuel system operating means as a function of said fuel demandrepresentation, means for detecting a plurality of independent turbineexhaust temperature values, means for operating said computer todetermine a temperature representation of actual exhaust temperaturefrom said detected values, means for operating said computer todetermine an exhaust temperature reference value, means for operatingsaid computer to average said detected values in a predetermined manner,means for operating said computer to compare said individual values tosaid average result and to reject values which are too low by apredetermined temperature amount, means for operating said computer torecompute said average result if a reject occurs, and means foroperating said computer to determine an exhaust temperature limitrepresentation as a function of the final accepted average actualtemperature and said temperature reference, said fuel demandrepresentation including said temperature limit representation.
 2. A gasturbine electric power plant comprising a gas turbine having compressor,combustion and turbine elements, a generator coupled to said gas turbinefor drive power, a fuel system for supplying fuel to said gas turbinecombustion element, means for operating said fuel system to energizesaid turbine, a digital computer and an input/output system therefor,means for operating said computer to generate a plurality of fuel demandrepresentations as respective functions of predetermined turbine limitconditions, means for operating said computer to generate a speedreference representation, means for generating a fuel demand signal tocontrol said fuel system operating means as a function of said speed andfuel demand reference representations, means for operating said computerto determine said actual fuel demand signal, and means for operatingsaid computer to cause each fuel demand representation in itsnonlimiting state to correspond in value to said actual fuel demandsignal to provide for fast limit reentry control.
 3. The electric powerplant as set forth in claim 2 wherein each fuel demand representation ismade equal to the integral of the difference between said fuel demandrepresentation and a fuel demand signal representation plus apredetermined bias value representation.
 4. The electric power plant asset forth in claim 1 which further includes means for operating saidcomputer to apply a rate action to said final actual exhaust temperatureaverage value and to sum the result of the rate action with said averagetemperature value.
 5. The electric power plant as set forth in claim 4which further includes means for operating said computer to apply saidrate action only during rising exhaust temperature.
 6. A gas turbineelectric power plant comprising a gas turbine having compressor,combustion and turbine elements, a generator coupled to said gas turbinefor drive power, a fuel system for supplying fuel to said gas turbinecombustion element, means for operating said fuel system to energizesaid turbine, means for detecting generator load, a digital computer andan input/output system therefor, means for operating said computer andfor generating a fuel demand signal for controlling said fuel systemoperating means to energize and operate said turbine during startup andload operations, means for operating said computer to limit the rate atwhich fuel demand changes can be made for load operating level changes,and means for operating said computer to determine a representation ofsaid fuel demand signal and to generate a load rate limit outputrepresentation equal to said fuel demand signal representation plus asmall step increment representing a stored limit load rate value only ifsaid fuel demand signal is less than said present load rate limit outputrepresentations.
 7. The electric power plant as set forth in claim 6which further includes means for operating said computer to cause saidload limit rate output representation to track said fuel demand signalrepresentation plus a predetermined bias during nonlimiting operation ofsaid load rate limit output representation.
 8. A gas turbine electricpower plant comprising a gas turbine having compressor, combustion andturbine elements, a generator coupled to said gas turbine for drivepower, a fuel system for supplying fuel to said gas turbine combustionelement, means for operating said fuel system to energize said turbine,a digital computer and an input/output system therefor, means foroperating said computer to determine a fuel demand representation fordesired turbine operation, means for controlling said fuel systemoperating means in accordance with said fuel demand representation,means for detecting actual generator load, means for operating saidcomputer to generate a load reference representation and a load errorrepresentation from the difference between said reference and actualload values, and means for operating said computer to make said fueldemand representation normally correspond to said load errorrepresentation during constant load control turbine operation.